GENERAL LAYOUT OF SANITARY FITTINGS TO HOUSE DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENTS
The following should be kept in mind in planning the layout of drainage connections to the various fittings.
1. The layout should be simple and direct (both horizontal and vertical).
2. Horizontal pipes should lie at designed slope.
3. Concrete pads should be provided to support the pipes laid on earth fill.
4. Long or short sweep quarter bends or two 45 or eight bends for making 900 turn should be provided.
5. Only sanitary fees and quarter bends are used for a change of pipe from horizontal to vertical.
6. Manholes should be provided at all points of intersections and change of direction of pipes.
7. All soil pipes, waste pipes and ventilating pipes may be graped in shafts or ducts for easy. Inspection and maintenance.
8. A clear minimum distance of 5 cm should be maintained from walls to all surface pipes.
9. The waste pipes should be separated from house drain by means of gully traps to prevent entry of foul gases, vermin etc into the building.
10. Traps are required for every sanitary fixture and they should be as close to the fixture as possible.
The typical layout of single storeyed building drainage system is shown in the Fig. In the case of multistoreyed building, sanitary blocks are arranged one above the other on different floors. This facilitates the same soil pipe or waste pipe or vent pipe to serve the various fixtures in different floors. Inspection chamber is provided at the ground where the solid pipe joins the house drain a vent pipe or anti syphonage pipe is also provided to preserve the waste seals of sanitary fittings. The soil pipes and vent pipes are provided with wire cage at the top to avoid the birds making nests in the pipe.
1. Anti-siphonage pipe: The pipe used in the house drainage to preserve the water seal of traps is known as the anti-siphonage.
2. Cowl: The top of vent pipe provided with slits or narrow openings to escape.
3. Fresh inlet: The last manhole which connects the house drain with the public sewer is provided with an inlet of fresh air to dilutes the sewage gases.
4. Soil pipe: The pipe which carries discharges from soil fittings such as urinals, water closets etc.
5. Vent pipe: The pipe installed for the purpose of ventilation is known as vent pipe through which foul gases escape into atmosphere.
6. Waste pipe: The pipe which carries discharges from sanitary fittings such as bathrooms, kitchens, sinks etc.
